The concept of a synthesis essay is somewhat confusing to most students. The term is not common and does not reveal any clues what the task is about. Therefore, a proper guideline is necessary if you are assigned this type of essay. Our tips to write a synthesis essay step by step, will answer all your questions about writing one.

What is a synthesis essay?

Before getting into the details, we must first understand what is meant by a synthesis essay. The phrase “to synthesize” refers to forming a complete whole by putting together separate fragments.

Similarly, synthesis essay writing requires the students to combine information from different sources. Then construct a single strong argument that unveils their stance on the subject. The writer does not merely have to summarize the dominant themes from the sources, but also have to explain the connection between them.

Synthesis essays can be of various types:  

Background synthesis

This kind of synthesis essay is usually assigned at the initial stages of a research. The aim is to master the topic, which needs an extensive study of the available sources. Facts and sources must be explored, and placed together in common themes. Background synthesis essays do not have thesis statements. However, they extend the understanding of a topic through examining it from various angles.

Thesis or argument-driven synthesis

A thesis driven synthesis essay, obviously requires a thesis statement. It should be impactful and present a clear position of the writer regarding the topic of the paper. Similar to background synthesis, students should be able to sort available sources according to relevant themes.

There are different goals that each thesis driven synthesis might aim to achieve. Sometimes you might be required to argue a certain view of the topic or evaluate a text. While other times you can be asked to contrast and compare pieces of information or explain cause and effect connections.

Literature review

Literature reviews are most common in the social sciences and medical fields. But at times students of other subjects are also required to conduct them. Similar to other types of synthesis essays, this also demands examining and analyzing previously done research.

Students need to identify identical themes and discuss about both well-researched and under researched areas of the study. This category of synthesis essay doesn’t have a specific thesis statement. But the basic idea behind it is to bring out parts of a research which need further addressing.

How to organize?

The structure of a synthesis essay differs according to its type. For example, some of the essays, especially those written at an early research stage, do not include a clear thesis statement. Regardless, there are some basic structure requirements that students should be aware of:

• Starting with an introduction

Engaging and attention-grabbing introductions are necessary for a synthesis essay, like any other paper. It should explain the topic and the purpose of the essay. In an argumentative essay they also include a thesis statement.

• Body paragraphs must address separate themes

Each of the paragraphs that comprises the body of the essay, should be depicting a different point. In order to have a professional structure, refrain from summarizing each source. Each body paragraph should have information from multiple sources. If there is a thesis statement then start paragraphs with a topic sentence which addresses it.

• Show the relationship between the bits of information

Synthesis papers are primarily informative in nature. Hence, it is essential to clarify how each fact interacts with the other in regards to the topic. Highlight both differences and similarities between the way the various sources view the topic.

Synthesis Essay Outline

The outline is the first thing that will help you in writing a well-structured essay. Even if it is not asked for by your teacher, it will keep your thoughts on track. Without creating an outline, you risk writing a paper that is aimless and has disjointed information. Here are some tips which will help you build a quick outline:

• The introduction should have a thesis statement that displays your main ideas about the topic. It doesn’t need to occupy more than one paragraph.
• The body comprises of 3-4 paragraphs. Each one begins with a new argument. Make sure your evidences are taken from credible sources. If you use the exact same words of another author, then use quotes. Citation is vital for all outside information. Include the sources in the bibliography.
• The conclusion is the final closing paragraph of the essay. Sum up all your ideas here and state a logical solution. Any new problems should not be mentioned he.

Synthesis Essay Structure

Before starting on the structure, your collected information needs to go through a detailed analysis. A well-structured paper will ensure you get top grades. If you are not instructed otherwise, then it is best to follow the 5-6 paragraph structure mentioned in the outline. Make sure you are following the formatting and citation requirements given by your teacher. Smoothly transitioning from one idea to another is also extremely important. Or else your paper will look poorly formed and lacking in any writing skills.

Few more tips

1. Choose to write about something that you know about and find interesting.
2. Make sure your information comes from credible academic sources like journals, books etc.
3. Confirm with your professor first which citation format is required.
4. Always proofread your essay once the final draft is completed.